甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育

沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%.     

冷却水循环用离心泵汽蚀的原因与防止方法探讨

通过对冷却水循环用离心泵产生汽蚀的因素进行分析，提出了防止汽蚀产生的技术措施，经生产应用效果良好。     

杉木扁长蝽若虫空间分布型的研究

本文采用聚集度指标检验法、回归分析法研究了杉木扁长蝽若虫的空间分布型。结果表明：在不同林地、不同虫口密度情况下，均呈聚集分布。若虫的聚集与栖息生境有直接关系。     

马尾松基因库无性系花期观察分析

在福建省沙县官庄林场石景山工区进行马尾松基因库无性系开花习性、花量、花期的观察。观察结果表明：不同无性系着生球花量的差异显著，始花期也有明显的差异，但也存在一定的同步性，大部分无性系雌花开放时间比雄花早４─９天。     

甘蓝型油菜芥酸基因的等位性和同一性分析

中国的甘蓝型油莱高芥酸品种芥酸含量比外国的高芥酸品种高6～10％。本研究用两个中国高芥酸品种与一个加拿大和一个日本高芥酸品种杂交,其Fl与低芥酸品种测交。F2代和测交后代的分离结果表明,这些材料中的芥酸基因是等位的,也无明显的证据表明它们是复等位基因,因而很可能是同一的。这两类品种芥酸含量的差异可能与遗传背景或修饰基因有关。     

The Inheritance of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica napus

The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H₃CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed.     

Effect of Completion of Vernalization on Generative Development of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) Plants

Germinating seeds and young plants of winter rape var. Górczañski were vernalized for 56–63 days under conditions of 9-hour day, at the temperature 2 and 5 °C and in continuous darkness at the temperature 2 °C. After vernalization the plants grew under conditions enabling to complete vernalization: in a glass-house at the temperature day/night 15/10 °C and in semi natural conditions of open vegetation hall in the period from June till August. After sub-optimal vernalization further growth of the plants at lowered temperature increased its effectiveness (completion of vernalization). Depending on the degree of the vernalization of the plants the completion of their vernalization was both obligatory, i.e. conditioning the acquisition of the ability of generative development, and facultative i.e. accelerating this development. It has been demonstrated that the population of plants of the examined variety is strongly differentiated not only with respect of vernalization requirements in the particular plants, but also what regards the effectiveness of vernalization completion. New observations have been made indicating that the mechanisms controlling the successive phases of generative development, i.e. phase of forming flower buds and the flowering phase are not identical which may be interpreted as indicating that the "flowering factor" is polymorphous.     

菌根生物技术应用现状与研究进展

论述了菌根的类型、功能及其在林业上的应用现状，并指出菌根生物技术研究进展与方向，为林业生产提供参考。     

Variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress

Summary A substantial amount of seed is left in the fields before and during harvest of oilseed rape. Although this crop exhibits little or no primary dormancy, the absence of certain environmental cues that promote germination of imbibed seeds induces secondary dormancy. The work reported investigated the extent to which environmental stress conditions, including osmotic stress, low oxygen stress and anaerobiosis, induce secondary dormancy in oilseed rape, and examined the variation in development of secondary dormancy between and within genotypes. Osmotic stress was most effective in inducing dormancy. Anaerobic treatment produced very few dormant seeds, as did an atmosphere low in oxygen and high in nitrogen. The development of secondary dormancy under osmotic stress varied considerably between and within genotypes. Dormancy ranged from almost zero to about 60% for winter genotypes and about 85% for spring types. Within genotypes, variations occurred between seed lots and years of harvest. Temperature variations affected the percentage of dormant seeds. More dormant seeds were likely to be produced with incubation under water stress at 20 °C than at 12 °C. In winter genotypes, fewer dormant seeds were produced when incubation temperature and germination test temperatures differed. Thus, incubating at 20 °C and 12 °C, followed by germination tests at 20 °C and 12 °C, respectively, produced most dormant seeds. Also, in the winter genotypes, the potential development of secondary dormancy was positively correlated with the pattern and speed of germination of untreated seeds.     

叶面喷施吲哚乙酸对油菜蕾薹期渍水的缓解效应

以油菜品种秦优7号(敏感)和苏油4号(耐渍)为材料,通过盆栽试验研究吲哚乙酸(IAA)对油菜蕾薹期渍水的缓解效应。蕾薹期渍水持续10d,渍水结束后,叶面喷施浓度为0.1mmol/L的IAA,随后的0~15d调查油菜的生理变化。结果发现:渍水后生物量和叶片光合色素含量降低;谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性升高;丙二醛含量升高;蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性上升,蔗糖和可溶性糖含量增加。渍水结束后喷施IAA,对敏感的秦优7号缓解效应更明显;叶片中的光合色素含量升高,5d后显著恢复生长;蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性降低,降低蔗糖含量;蔗糖合成酶活性降低,减少蔗糖的分解;尤其是喷施15d后IAA对渍水胁迫的缓解作用最明显,苏油4号根干重显著增加,而秦优7号的根干重和茎干重均显著增加。叶面喷施IAA有效缓解单株角果数、每角粒数和产量的降低,但对抗氧化系统影响较小。